Gain Structure
Build a clean and balanced signal path from input to output.
Introduction
Gain structure is the process of managing signal levels throughout the complete audio chain.
Learning Objectives
Gain Structure
Every stage of an audio signal path should operate at an appropriate level. Correct gain structure provides clarity, consistency, and sufficient headroom.
Interactive Gain Staging
Adjust each stage and observe how the signal level changes through the system.
Healthy Headroom
The signal has a healthy working level with useful headroom.
Microphone Input
The signal originates from the microphone or another audio source before entering the mixer.
Operator Tip
When a level becomes too high or too low, inspect the entire signal path instead of immediately changing the master fader.
Common Mistakes
Excessive preamp gain, overloaded buses, and insufficient headroom can create distortion and unstable system levels.
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